Japanese researchers have announced a groundbreaking advancement in tooth regeneration medication, following a successful animal trial of a new drug, which they intend to use for human treatment in the near future, revolutionising the field of tooth loss treatment, particularly for patients with genetic disorders.
Katsu Takahashi, the lead researcher and head of the dentistry and oral surgery department at the Medical Research Institute Kitano Hospital in Osaka, Japan, has years of research to his credit to the pursuit of tooth regeneration.
Inspired by nature, where animals like sharks and alligators possess the ability to regrow teeth, the research team explored the potential of stimulating dormant "buds" for a third set of teeth in humans.
"The concept of growing new teeth is a dream for every dentist. I have been working on this since my days as a graduate student. I was confident that I could make it happen," says Takahashi.
The research initially involved gene studies on mice, which revealed that the deletion of specific genes resulted in a reduced number of teeth. This discovery led the researchers to wonder if the opposite could be true – genetically modifying mice to grow additional teeth.
The breakthrough occurred when Takahashi and his team focused on a protein called USAG-1, which inhibits tooth growth. By developing a neutralising antibody medicine that blocked this protein, they successfully triggered tooth regrowth in mice born without certain teeth, creating the world's first tooth-regenerating treatment.
Approximately 1 in 100 individuals suffer from anodontia, a condition characterised by an incomplete set of teeth. Genetic factors, particularly in those missing six or more teeth, are believed to play a significant role in this condition. The absence of teeth from birth causes considerable discomfort during chewing and speaking, impacting individuals throughout their lives.
While the success in mice does not guarantee the same outcome in humans, Takahashi remains optimistic about the potential of this groundbreaking drug.
"We aim to pave the way for the clinical use of this medicine," he affirms.
Initially, the drug will target individuals with anodontia, but its potential extends to various dental treatments. However, before proceeding to human trials, the team must ensure the drug's safety and confirm the absence of any adverse side effects.
Following rigorous safety studies and efficacy and optimal dosage studies, the drug could be put to larger clinical trials by 2029. If things go as per the plan this would become the first dental re-growth medicine by the end of this decade.
