Diabetes takes a toll on your entire body- including your oral cavity. People with diabetes are at high risk of developing various oral and dental health issues. Make sure your dentist is informed of your disturbed blood sugar levels.
Diabetes and oral health
The high blood sugar level is the causative factor in the link between oral health problems and diabetes. Due to the imbalance in blood glucose, the body’s immune system becomes compromised and susceptible to microbes such as bacteria and fungi. However, it leads to increased infections and slow healing.
Associated oral health problems
Cavities
Bacteria grow in the presence of high levels of sugar. Bacteria can lead to plaque formation (a sticky film of bacteria that manifests on the tooth surface), which produces acid that causes cavities and tooth decay.
Dry mouth
Uncontrolled diabetes induces decreased salivary flow. Since saliva has components that help fight against microbial growth, the lack of it leaves the person at higher risk of developing infections, ulcers and soreness. It also causes taste disturbances as saliva is a solvent for taste substances.
Periodontal Diseases
Diabetes leads to weakened immunity and thicker blood vessels. However, this restricts the flow of nutrition and waste products to and from the mouth. As a result, the bacteria which cause periodontal diseases thrive in this environment.
Thrush
People with diabetes who routinely take antibiotics are at risk of developing fungal infections. High glucose levels in saliva favour fungal growth, such as Candida Albicans, which is the cause of oral thrush. The existence of thrush also causes a burning sensation in the mouth. Unclean dentures can also be a causative factor.
Precautions
- Follow a healthy diet plan to keep your glucose levels in check.
- Brush your teeth twice daily with fluoride toothpaste and a soft-bristled toothbrush to prevent plaque accumulation.
- Floss once a day to clean your interdental spaces.
- Drink lots of water and use sugar-free gum to promote salivary flow to prevent dry mouth.
- Avoid smoking as it may raise the chances of acquiring periodontal diseases and oral thrush.
- If you wear dentures, clean them every day to prevent infection.
- Visit your dentist for checkups after every 6 to 12 months.
